Executive Summary
This brief analyzes the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector in Iraq, with a particular focus on food, beverages, and dairy products. It examines Iraq’s heavy reliance on imports, the structure and capacity of domestic manufacturing, and the role of SMEs and startups in addressing supply gaps. The analysis highlights key challenges constraining local production while identifying opportunities for investment, technology adoption, and value-chain development within the Iraqi FMCG market.
- Food Manufacturing. The food and beverages sector ranks number one when it comes to the number of small and medium-sized production establishments and second regarding the large sized-production establishments. The total number of establishments of all sizes across Iraq and KRG is 10495 and 117 for food and beverages manufacturing in 2020, respectively. The bakery and mill grain products are the leading industries.
- Manufacturing Challenges. Food and beverage manufacturing faces several challenges that factored in creating a discouraging economic environment. Local production cannot generally serve Iraqi consumers and cope with importation. When the government suspends the import ban of certain commodities to overcome the food supply shortage and high prices, it creates a negative snowball effect in the long run: a short-term solution with long-term economic consequences.
- Manufacturing Opportunities. There are potential investment opportunities within the food industry in the form of new manufacturing technologies and farmers’ value chains. Domestic production of dairy products still follows the manual traditional processes. On a larger scale, the Iraqi market witnesses a surplus of a wide variety of vegetables, which opens doors for canning factories, such as tomato paste.
- Retails Scene. The Iraqi market has witnessed a significant transition over the past years regarding retailing. Due to the availability of a wider selection of products and convenient shopping experiences, chain markets and hypermarkets have gained popularity among Iraqi customers.
- Startups. Many Iraqi-based startups and SMEs specialized in food production have been established to attract Iraqi customers and shift attention toward local production rather than imported commodities. More to that, the tendency of incorporating technology and online tools into new startups has become widely prevalent among entrepreneurs for its advantages in comparison to the traditional way. For instance, many palm date startups have based their business ideas in terms of services and products on utilizing online tools for better customer reach and efficiency.